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Long Term Evolution or LTE for short is the term on every-one’s lips – new frequencies and improved technology provide users with greater bandwidths and even faster access times on mobile networks. Many countries are working flat-out to develop their network.IT ALL SOUNDS GOOD BUT WHY IS PASSIVE INTERMODULATION NOW THREATENING TO THWART PROGRESS AGAIN?Quite simply: PIM (Passive Intermodulation) can lead to disconnections, dead spots and lower data transfer rates, ultimately negating the technical progress of LTE.
HOW DOES PIM DEVELOP AND WHAT DOES PIM HAVE TO DO WITH LTE?
PIM always develops when at least two different frequencies are transmitted from a passive component, such as a plug or antenna cable. The nonlinearity of the component, as the result of poor design of the component, inaccurate manufacturing, defective materials or shabbily processed surfaces, can cause a disturbing signal to exist in the frequency range of a useful signal.The more frequencies are transmitted through a shared line, the more disturbing signals can occur. GSM and UMTS are already transmitted through the same cable. With LTE, the probability of disturbing signals increases considerably. If this disturbing signal is in the useful range of a mobile communication frequency, it disrupts the transmission from smartphone to base station. In the worst case scenario, PIM disconnects this radio path completely.Just one single low-grade connection can lead to the output of the interfering PIM signal becoming greater than the actual useful signal. A user will see “Good Reception” displayed on their smartphone, while on the receiver end of the base station, the useful signal and the spurious signal caused by PIM are equally strong. This means the base station can no longer differentiate between the useful signal and the disturbing signal. This causes disconnections, dead spots and lower data transfer rates: the customer is dissatisfied.The service now becomes expensive for the network provider. Because customer complaints, troubleshooting and on-site service calls now needed. The complete signal path of the base stations in question must be remeasured.
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